![]() 8 Mothers have a reduced risk of breast (26%, 95% CI 21% to 31%) and ovarian (37%, 95% CI 29% to 44%) cancers if they breastfeed for > 12 months 11 and lower post-menopausal body mass index if they have ever breastfed. It is also associated with improved performance in intelligence tests. 15 Meta-analyses show that being fed breast milk is associated with a 58% (95% CI 4% to 82%) reduced risk of necrotising enterocolitis in pre-term infants 16 and with reduced mortality. 5 Exclusive breastfeeding for > 4 months reduces the risk of hospital admission for lower respiratory tract infections in the first year by 72% 10 and for 3–4 months reduces the risk of eczema by 26% in children at 3 months is associated with a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus of up to 30%. 14 For the infant and child, any breastfeeding is associated with reduced risk of gastrointestinal infection by 63%, 10 sudden infant death syndrome by 36% (95% CI 10% to 49%), 15 otitis media by 33% (95% CI 28% to 38%), 2 asthma when aged 5–18 years by 12% (95% CI 5% to 18%), 3 being overweight in the future or obese by 26% (95% CI 22% to 30%), 7 type 2 diabetes mellitus by 35% (95% CI 14% to 51%) 7 and malocclusions by 68% (95% CI 60% to 75%). Decipher backup repair 12.0.0 code trial#The evidence has been collated in systematic reviews 1, 9 and is consistent across cohort studies in a range of settings and from a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a breastfeeding support intervention with long-term follow-up of the children. The benefits of breastfeeding are considerable. If this figure increased to 45% of women in the UK breastfeeding exclusively for 4 months, then at least £17M could be saved annually in NHS treatment costs for common acute illnesses in infants, with additional longer-term gains for mothers and children. Currently, only around 12% of babies in the UK are exclusively breastfed at 4 months. 1 However, considerable health gains from breastfeeding are also possible in high-income countries. 11 Internationally, the largest health gains are seen in low-income countries, as breastfeeding protects against infant mortality by reducing acute infections in infants. Chapter 1 Introduction The benefits of breastfeeding for health and well-beingīreastfeeding (defined as the baby being put to the breast or receiving breast milk on at least one occasion) is associated with short- and long-term benefits to both the breastfed infant 1– 10 and the mother. ![]()
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